What is a "pat-down" search?

A "pat-down" search refers to a limited search conducted by law enforcement for the purpose of finding weapons or contraband based on reasonable suspicion. This type of search is generally performed when an officer suspects that a person may be armed and dangerous. The officer uses the palms of their hands to feel the exterior of a person's clothing, checking for any hard objects that could potentially be weapons.

The legal foundation for a pat-down search arises from the U.S. Supreme Court case Terry v. Ohio, which established that an officer may perform a brief detention and search if they have a reasonable belief that a suspect may be armed. This process is intended to ensure the safety of the officer and those around them while allowing for a quick assessment without the need for a warrant.

Other options do not accurately describe what a pat-down search is. A thorough search of a person's belongings goes beyond the limited scope of a pat-down, which specifically targets weapons. Full-body scans fall outside the traditional definition of a pat-down as they typically involve advanced technology rather than a physical check. Lastly, a search performed only with a warrant would not qualify as a pat-down, as the warrant requirement involves a broader and more comprehensive search, whereas a pat-down is a quick, protective measure