What type of data includes contacts, logs, and internet activity?

The correct choice here encompasses a broad range of information that law enforcement can collect from various data sources, including mobile devices. Mobile device data specifically pertains to the information that can be retrieved from smartphones and tablets, which often includes call logs, text message histories, contacts, and internet browsing activity.

These devices are ubiquitous and serve as personal assistants for many individuals, encapsulating significant behavioral patterns and communication logs. Thus, when law enforcement is investigating a case, mobile device data can provide critical insights into an individual's interactions and activities.

In contrast, other options describe different types of data but do not specifically focus on the comprehensive information contained within mobile devices. Cloud-based evidence refers to data stored in online services, server data pertains to information on web or application servers, and network traffic covers data packets being transmitted over a network. While these categories are relevant to digital investigations, they don’t encapsulate the personal and interactive nature of the data stored on mobile devices.